The Story of the Greek Titan Atlas

The expression to carry the weight of the world on ones shoulders comes from the Greek myth of Atlas, who was part of the second generation of the Titans, the oldest gods of Greek mythology. However, Atlas did not actually carry the weight of the world; instead, he carried the celestial sphere (the sky). The Earth and celestial sphere are both spherical in shape, which may account for the confusion. Atlas in Greek Mythology Atlas was one of four sons of the Titan Iapoetos and the Okeanid Klymene: his brothers were Prometheus, Epimetheus, and Menoitios. The earliest of the traditions say simply that it was Atlas responsibility to hold up the sky. Later reports say that as one of the Titans, Atlas and his brother Menoitios took part in the Titanomachy, a war between the Titans and their offspring the Olympians. Fighting against the Titans were Olympians Zeus, Prometheus, and Hades. When the Olympians won the war, they punished their enemies. Menoitios was sent to Tartarus in the underworld. Atlas, however, was condemned to stand at the western edge of the Earth and hold the sky on his shoulders. Holding Up the Sky Different sources vary in their descriptions of how Atlas held up the sky. In Hesiods Theogony, Atlas stands at the western edge of the earth near the Hesperides, supporting the sky on his head and hands. The Odyssey describes Atlas standing in the sea holding the pillars that keep the earth and sky apart—in this version, he is the father of Calypso. Herodotus was the first to suggest that the sky rested atop Mount Atlas in the western part of northern Africa, and later traditions still report that Atlas was a man who metamorphosed into the mountain. The Story of Atlas and Hercules Perhaps the most famous myth involving Atlas is his role in one of the celebrated twelve labors of Hercules, the main version of which is found in Apollodorus of Athenss Library. In this legend, Hercules was required by Eurystheus to fetch the golden apples from the fabled gardens of the Hesperides, which were sacred to  Hera  and guarded by the fearsome hundred-headed dragon Ladon. Following the advice of Prometheus, Hercules asked Atlas (in some versions the father of the Hesperides) to get him the apples while he, with the help of  Athena, took the sky onto his own shoulders for a while, giving the Titan a welcome respite. Perhaps understandably, when returning with the golden apples, Atlas was reluctant to resume the burden of carrying the sky. However, the wily Hercules tricked the god into swapping places temporarily while the hero got himself some cushions to more easily bear the tremendous weight. Of course, as soon as Atlas was back holding the heavens, Hercules and his golden booty hot-footed back to  Mycenae. Sources Hard, Robin. The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology. London: Routledge, 2003. Print.Smith, William, and G.E. Marindon, eds. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. London: John Murray, 1904. Print.

Comparison Of Medea And Hecuba - 1614 Words

In this writing I will be comparing two Greek tragedies. The tragedies are â€Å"Medea (431 BCE)† and â€Å"Hecuba (420 BCE)† by Euripides. Although at the time of these writing women did not have the same rights as men, both writings justify acts of revenge by Medea and Hecuba. The only way Medea and Hecuba will feel satisfied is to punish those who have done them wrong. Euripides details in his writing how both women cleverly present their disparity to convince people that seeking revenge is a just mean for punishment. Medea and Hecuba’s eye for an eye reasoning is a form of retaliation for personal gratification. I will explore the similarities, differences, and significance in the ways Medea and Hecuba seek revenge. Therefore, Medea and Hecuba†¦show more content†¦She explains to Agamemnon that she has suffered enough sorrow with the deaths of her children and gains his sympathy. Also she explains how Polymestor has committed the ultimate betrayal of being a host and killing his house guest Polydorus. Hecuba states, â€Å"This is the most foul murder. This man often sat at our table, toasting us with with Priam’s best wine. He was one of our closest friends†(1040-1050) Agamemnon summons Polymestor to come visit Hecuba. Once Polymestor arrives Hecuba convinces him to enter her tent with his sons. Euripides writes, â€Å"Hecuba: There are also my jewels. I smuggled our best Heirlooms out of Troy. May I give them to you for safekeeping?† (Euripides 1370-1380). Hecuba blinds Polymestor and kills his two sons. Likewise, both women used their scheming ways to get what they wanted from Jason, Agamemnon, and Polymestor. Medea and Hecuba acted like their intentions are good to get what they wanted. Medea tells Jason good things about how their sons meeting Glauce and giving her jewels will help break the ice. Medea says, â€Å"Now, children, go into that rich house and supplicate your father’s new wife, my mistress begging her that you may not be exiled, and give her these adornments† (969-971) Medea convinces Jason to try to spare their sons from being banished from Corinth by letting Glauce met their sons. This meeting ultimately kills Glauce and King Creon. Like Medea, Hecuba convinces Polymestor to enter her tent on good intentions, howeverShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book The Odyssey 984 Words   |  4 Pagesimportance of cunning and intelligence. Not only did Telemachus’ journey helped him find his father, but it helped him find his own identity as well; Simil ar to Oedipus’ dark revelations. Hector is the prince of Troy, son of King Priam and Queen Hecuba, brother of Paris, husband of Andromache, father of Astyanax, and chief warrior of the Trojan army. Hector was depicted positively in The Iliad as he is described as a great warrior, loving husband and father, and can be compared as the Trojan equivalent

Act of Faith free essay sample

The story ‘Act of Faith’ is one of the short stories in Irwin Shaw’s anthology of short stories titled ‘Five Decades’. There are 63 stories in the anthology which were written in a span of five decades, the time for which the title is derived. In this story, which is the thirteenth in the anthology, Irwin explores the theme of racial prejudice. Intricate in the story line is the notion that all around there is general negativity about racism and that true liberation from the perceived injustices lies in trusting other people. The story starts with â€Å"three combat-scarred veterans† Seeger, Olson, and Welch who have been given a pass and want to go Paris but have no money. The main character, Seeger, a Jew, approaches their captain to lend them money since their salary had delayed for three months. The captain obliges and lends him, 200 francs from the four hundred that he had. We will write a custom essay sample on Act of Faith or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The money is however not enough for the three of them and Olson even comments that â€Å"†¦we won’t be able to pinch a whore’s behind on the Boulevard des Capucines †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg 287). They even think of selling their combat jackets but they realize the French would give them very little for it. It is in this thought that Welsh comes up with the idea that he knows where he can get the 65 bucks. It is also at this time that he is also handed a letter from his father. The unusual letter narrates to him his fathers growing dissatisfaction with being a Jew. He describes how Jacob, Seeger’s brother’s health has deteriorated and how he suffers from â€Å"†¦fits of depression and hallucination† (249) since he was discharged from the army. In the letter, Seeger’s father tells him how he continually watches how the Jewish people are being vilified everyday everywhere. He says that everywhere â€Å"†¦restaurants, hotels, clubs, trains – you seem to hear talk about the Jew, mean, hateful, murderous talk†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (251). Thee talks have led him to believe that injustice done to the Jews was a good in that it may help people to see that it is against all odds that the Jewish people triumph. He even adds that he finds himself â€Å"†¦looking for Jewish names in the casualty list and secretly being glad when [he] discovers them there.†(251). After reflecting on the content of the letter and having thought of his three friends and how they have had to lay there lives on line a number of time to save him, he decides to sell the German pistol he had taken after killing a German SS officer. Seeger’s father notices how the Jewish people are hated. He hears how even those whom he considered a friends still perceive Jews as the beneficiaries of the war, even after being killed in masses by Germans. He notices how anything done by a Jew is taken to have been done for self. This view stems from the fact that the Jewish people tended to fight on their own and acting to be strong amidst all the struggles. For instance, the two old people, â€Å"†¦a little bent old man and a small, shapeless woman†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (253) who stop Seeger and ask him if he is a Jew. When he answers them that he is, the old people â€Å"†¦smiled widely, like children†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (253). They become happy because their blood is also seen as able to avenge for their blood. For Seeger, the German pistol represents for him an act justice. A personal gratification for having been the instrument for performing that act of justice. He keeps the luger safely between his bed roll and had even avoided â€Å"†¦all opportunities for selling it, although he had been offered as much as a hundred dollars for it†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (248). In the story his father narrates for him how he had once heard somebody comment on the death of Roosevelt that â€Å"Finally, they got the Jew out of the White House† (251). This shows the negative perception the people had for the president. All he did is not seen as an act of a person but the way of Jews. It is this perception that drives Seeger to seek his own gratification. A thing he seems to find in the Luger and what it represents for him. He only abandons the luger and agrees to sell it after having realized that his friends do not view him as a Jew, but rather as person. And that that they don’t know what Jews are, they imply that they have not been treating Seeger as a Jew but rather as a person. In conclusion, we see that the transformation that happens to Seeger happens after realizing that true fight for prejudice starts when one is able to trust his friends and receive the same trust. References Shaw, Irwin. Short Stories: Five Decades. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000.

World War One. The First Great Tragedy Of Humanity. That Is Of Course

World War One. The first great tragedy of humanity. That is of course excluding love and life. Combine all three and you find one of the most masterfully written novels about life, love, and war that could only be written by Ernest Hemingway. Born July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago, Hemingway started his literary career when he was hired as a reporter for the Kansas City Star. During the war he joined the volunteer American Red Cross as a ambulance driver in 1918. After being seriously wounded in the line of duty he was decorated with two Italian medals and joined the Italian infantry. His experiences with journalism and war create a excellent symbiosis to exploit the writers rule, only write about what you know, which makes Farewell to Arms a remarkable novel. Personal experiences alone don't always make a good story however. Ernest Hemingway's ability to achieve a roller coaster of emotions from chapter to chapter is remarkable. The basic feeling of hope and despair take turns throughout the novel but the idea that life is a futile attempt at salvation is stressed at all times. The emotional seesaw that Hemingway puts the reader through is an invigorating experience but even more stimulating since he can maintain the overtones of depression. Hemingway's ability to pull so many tragedies together to stress the themes of depression, despair, a futility in humanity also make this novel very impressive. Just the setting of a love affair during wartime implies a dark reckoning upon the two lovers. Everything about the book drives the idea of fate and futility even when the idea and promise of hope is thrown in. Although the author drive his point home, we have to look at the psychological effects of it on the readers. Now, I have no solid evidence, but I suspect that this book may have driven some to their death. BANG! Right in the head. Realistically, the effects of this book on a persons emotional well- being isn't exactly positive. The idea of ,"you can't do anything about it, life is nothing but a four letter word", should have a tremendous effect on a person if they can connect with the message. Most of us can. Therefore, reading this novel may not be the best thing to do for an emotionally unstable person. Or any person for that matter. Thumbs up on the novel for it's message, thumbs down for the effects of the message. All in all however, Ernest Hemingway definitely has a way with words.

Business Gravitas and Language

Business Gravitas and Language Business Gravitas and Language Business Gravitas and Language By Maeve Maddox Tech columnist Rob Walker questions whether anyone still has gravitas in the Internet Era. gravitas (noun): high seriousness, as in a person’s bearing or the treatment of a subject; seriousness of conduct, bearing, speech, temperament, etc. According to Walker, â€Å"if you want to be taken seriously in our post-gravitas culture, you must demonstrate that you do not take yourself too seriously.† Walker makes his case for the disdain of gravitas in the entertainment media (and that includes much of what is called â€Å"news coverage†), but the pride in ignorance and love of vulgarity that dominates the popular media does not seem to apply in corporate America. The Web teems with consultants and business coaches who list gravitas as a characteristic of â€Å"executive presence,† an elusive quality that leads to promotion and is required in positions of leadership. According to an article at Forbes, the gravitas associated with executive presence comprises â€Å"confidence, poise under pressure and decisiveness.† Closely associated with this quality are speaking and writing skills. Executives who possess gravitas: do not sprinkle their speech with vulgarities. do not mumble, but enunciate their words and pronounce them conventionally. do not let their voices rise at the end of sentences that are not questions. On the other hand, they do: avoid nonstandard usage that would make them sound uneducated. speak in a pleasant rhythm and modulate their voices to avoid shrillness or nasality. express themselves coherently and grammatically, even in email. Kyle Wiens, CEO of iFixit, and founder of Dozuki, believes that carelessness with language is symptomatic of carelessness in other areas: Grammar signifies more than just a person’s ability to remember high school English. I’ve found that people who make fewer mistakes on a grammar test also make fewer mistakes when they are doing something completely unrelated to writing - like stocking shelves or labeling parts. His policy of refusing to hire anyone who cannot pass a grammar test has stirred heated controversy. His critics feel that mastery of one’s native language should apply only to employees involved directly with written communication. For example, contrary to Wiens, writer John McWhorter would require the ability to tell the difference between â€Å"your† and â€Å"you’re† only of those whose jobs require â€Å"taking dictation, writing technical directions and blog entries, teaching school, etc.† McWhorter even suggests that people who don’t demonstrate mastery of standard usage are not necessarily lazy, but are â€Å"more likely† victims of ineffective public education. Whatever the cause, a large segment of the American workforce lacks basic writing skills. A survey of 120 American corporations conducted by the National Commission on Writing, a panel established by the College Board, concluded that a third of employees in these companies wrote poorly enough to require in-house remediation costing as much as $3.1 billion annually. The tragedy of all this waste is that CEOs are not looking for people who can write like prize-winning novelists. All they want are people who can speak and write clearly enough to get their point across in a standard form of basic English skills that can be mastered by eighth-graders. TV shows and car ads may get laughs by poking fun at gravitas, but speakers who want to get ahead in the business world will master a form of standard English and know when to use it. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Possessive of Proper Names Ending in SDoes "Mr" Take a Period?10 Writing Exercises to Tighten Your Writing

The eNotes Blog Five Shakespeare Lines Youll Want to (Surprisingly) Avoid This Valentines Day

Five Shakespeare Lines Youll Want to (Surprisingly) Avoid This Valentines Day Dusting off your Shakespeare for Valentine’s Day sounds like a great idea. The Bard’s famous words are tried and tested - they’ve been working for four hundred years. But are you sure you know what they mean? And are you sure that’s what you want to say? 1. O Romeo, Romeo! Wherefore art thou Romeo? Juliet has just returned to her room after the best dance of her life, she’s standing on a balcony gazing out into the night, and she misses Romeo already. It would make sense if she were wondering where her prince was wandering. Only she’s not.   Wherefore isn’t an old-timey way of saying where. It’s the old-timey way of saying why. Big difference. Juliet wants to know why her Romeo has to be Romeo Montague, sworn enemy of her family, instead of Romeo Smith, handsome guy who showed up at the neighborhood party with no strings attached. In retrospect it might have been better if she’d asked where, though. If she’d known he was hiding under the balcony, she might not have said all those embarrassing private thoughts out loud. 2. If music be the food of love, play on†¦   No, don’t! At least, not yet. This quote from Twelfth Night sounds a little different in context: If music be the food of love, play on, Give me excess of it; that surfeiting, The appetite may sicken, and so die. The speaker, Duke Orsino, is desperately in love with the uninterested Lady Olivia, and hopes that music will actually kill his attraction to her if he hears enough of it. Not exactly a compliment to the object of your affections. Also, you’ve picked a dummy to quote. At this point in the play Orsino is still making everyone around him feel a bit sick with all his sighing and moping about- and he’s going to realize at the end that he’s in love with someone else! This quote isn’t what you want to prove your undying devotion. 3. Star-crossed lovers Given that Romeo and Juliet are the archetypal â€Å"star-crossed lovers,† it’s easy to understand how some came to interpret the phrase to mean fated, destined, meant to be. As in, â€Å"John and I are so compatible! We’re like star-crossed lovers!†Ã‚   No, you’re not. Or at least, you’d better hope you’re not, because then things aren’t going to work out for you very well. Romeo and Juliet weren’t â€Å"star-crossed† in the sense that they were bound to fall in love. They’re star-crossed because the astrological signs that determine their futures are not lining up. Fate is not a fan. You’re in serious trouble. 4. Sonnet 20 A womans face with Natures own hand painted Hast thou, the master-mistress of my passion If you’ve quoted Sonnet 20, you’ve just called the object of your affections both beautiful and loyal. Winning combo. Great stuff. She’ll be charmed. Not quite (if she knows her Shakespeare, at any rate). The problem is that the poem you’ve just read her was most likely written about a man, and if she’s paying attention, there are some things that might tip her off. For one, you’ve called her a â€Å"man in hue.† You’ve also told her that nature started out intending to make her a woman, but changed her mind and added one thing. 5. Sonnet 18 Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Probably not. Even if the object of your affections is willing to overlook the fact that you seem to have gone for the first love poem that popped into your head, you still have to consider the fact that some readers think this poem is more about itself than your beloved. You’re declaring that beauty fades over time (â€Å"And every fair from fair sometime declines†), but that it’s okay. Even if your love ends up old and ugly, this poem will still be gorgeous. And immortal. Hark! Are  there any we missed?

Service Organisation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Service Organisation - Case Study Example Accessibility is a key issue and an importance operations management issue for hotels and this essay will use Holiday Inn Nottingham as a case study to analyse the operational functions of a service organisation. The operational functions of an organisation are those that enable it to undertake its role (Flaherty 1996, Slack et al 1998). In the case of a service organisation, the operational functions would be those that implement the organisation's core service. In the case of Holiday Inn Nottingham, its operational functions will involve those functions that enable customers to book their services, and the people involved in making sure this is carried out appropriately. The operational functions of an organisation are also determined by the three roles as implementers of business strategy, supporters to the business strategy and as the drivers of business strategy (Flaherty 1996, Slack et al 1998). This has several meanings for Holiday Inn Nottingham, because as an implementer of business strategy it will have to ensure that it puts the general Holiday Inn strategy into place. This would include attracting customers to the hotel by managing and promoting the Holiday Inn brand in Nottingha m, through marketing and advertising the organisation. As a support of business strategy, Holiday Inn Nottingham has to develop resources to provide the capabilities which are needed to allow the hotel to achieve its strategic goals (Flaherty 1996, Slack et al 1998). Holiday Inn Nottingham has completed a major refurbishment of its hotel, and part of these refurbishments include modernising accommodation and business facilities, so that the hotel can fulfil its role in implementing the Holiday Inn business strategy. In terms of driving the business strategy, Holiday Inn Nottingham has to ensure that it retains its competitive edge (Flaherty 1996, Slack et al 1998) over other hotels in the city and the recent refurbishment demonstrates how Holiday Inn Nottingham is committed to driving business strategy. The modernisation of the rooms ensures that its customers and potential customers are accommodated in rooms that meet global standards in terms of quality and comfort. For its busine ss customers, Holiday Inn Nottingham also offers free on-site car parking, which immediately puts it at a competitive advantage as a business venue as it represents the best value for its cost. The operational functions of Holiday Inn are also better demonstrated by looking its performance objectives which include the quality advantage, the speed advantage, the dependability advantage, the flexibility advantage and the cost advantage (Harris 1989). In order to understand these advantages and the operational functions of Holiday Inn Nottingham better, a detailed examination will now follow of the organisation. Service Package The service package is the bundle of goods and services that is provided by Holiday Inn Nottingham (Lecture Notes). The most visible part of the service package is the hotel's supporting facility which consists of its guest rooms, facilities for guests and business facilities. The hotel offers three different types of guest rooms to cater for the different guest types; from single and double rooms to executive rooms and suites. Guests will also have access to a health fitness centre and internet connections in their rooms. Business customers also have a variety of room

The influence of social network media on consumer behaviour Essay

The influence of social network media on consumer behaviour - Essay Example Such response is said to be affected by consumers’ behavior. Thus, it is clear by this line of argument that consumers’ behaviours need to be substantially understood in order to successfully convey the message about the product. In this level of information, buyer behaviour is important consideration. According to Kotler et al (1999), buyer behaviour is in line with consumers’ ability to choose and consume. These consumers can be identified as individuals or households with the capacity to pay for something for personal consumption. Thus, in today’s marketing system, marketers are able to use different media to effectively convey the message about their products directly to the consumers. In today’s marketing activities, there are different messages imparted by the media for the prospective customers with regards to a specific line of offerings. This means that the media remain one of the most effective channels where information or messages about a certain line of products can substantially and effectively reach to prospective customers. Thus, it would make sense to essentially create information channeled through the media because in that way detailed information about an offering can reach to the consumers. Today, the existence of social networks brings forward the ability of marketers to integrate information on the different line of offerings directly to the consumers with and without the latter knowing so much about it in detail. In its general context, social network is consisting of individuals who are considered actors with sets of relations defined among them (Wasserman and Faust, 1994). These individuals may be friends or belong to a certain organisation with one common interests and dislikes. These individuals may be also looking for someone else who could be their ultimate partners in life in the future. These individuals may be those who have common and basic interest on particular subjects such as religion, tec hnology, sexual relationships and others. Knowing that a social network is concerned about all these things, it is easy for marketers to create remarkable moves in order to design strategies that fit to the needs of target buyers. The existence of social network media seems to be increasing and even users of them are increasing in number. This only proves that connecting people from all over the world is such a good strategy that will link consumers together in one particular purpose in the first place. This is to know their buying behaviour in a universal context. In particular, this paper talks about the influence of social network media on consumer behavior. In detail, this would talk about the impact of social network media on consumers’ personality, attitude, culture, perception and more and how these in particular defined their buying behaviour. Characteristics affecting consumer behaviour According to Kotler et al. (1999), there are characteristics of buyers that can i nfluence their buying behaviour and these include cultural, social, personal and psychological. Integrating these characteristics in the social network media would therefore make a sound move among marketers who always seem busy to study and influence buyers’ behaviours. This shows the importance to understand each of these characteristics in the context of social network media. This brings forward the ability to analyse up to what level are these concepts of consumer behaviour

My Leadership Style Essay Example for Free

My Leadership Style Essay According to the leadership assessment, I am more of task-oriented leader than a people-oriented leader, though I scored high in both areas, therefore I have a healthy balance of both which is important for a leader in any company. My leadership style allows me to get my work completed in an organized fashion, while being open to other ideas; I can focus on the small projects while continuing to see the big picture or vision. Because I score higher on the task-oriented side, I can be more autocratic in my thinking. This will limit my ability to show my apathy for my staff and employees Furthermore, I am also a transformational and charismatic leader. I am most effective in smaller organizations that have direct interactions with my staff. According to Robbins, this helps to make me effective as a leader, which will give a company â€Å"low turnover, higher productivity, lower employee stress, and burnout, and higher employee satisfaction.† Furthermore, Robbins shared that this leadership style is not effective with those who are â€Å"highly individualistic and do not readily cede decision-making authority.† Since I am able to communicate with my staff the expectations, visions ad engage my staff, I also have a Charismatic leadership style. I continuously focus on the end goal, big picture and tie that big picture to the work of my staff, making it attainable to my staff. One of the major downsides to charismatic leadership is that it can be situational, according to Robbins. Role in Company The role I would like to pursue within the company is that of a managerial supervisor. According to Robbins, organizations need strong leadership and  strong management for optimal effectiveness. I feel that because I have leadership and managerial traits and characteristics, I would be a great candidate for that particular role. In a managerial supervisory role, I am a direct leader. I work directly with my staff on a one-on-one basis and in a team format; I will have more influence directly on my staff. As the managerial supervisor, I am able to support, recognize, develop, plan, and coach/mentor my staff while monitoring, setting goals, and overseeing day to day operations. This is evident because of my healthy balance of task and people orientation. Leadership theories applicable to my leadership approach The Big Five Trait Leadership Theory is applicable to my leadership approach because research has shown that the big five personality factors are strong indicators for job success and performance. I scored high in the areas of extroversion and conscientiousness. The positive factors about scoring high on conscientiousness’s is that overall, those with high marks in this area have better job performance and those are more reliable, thorough, organized, angle to plan, and persistent according to the assessment. These traits are consisted with those of task-oriented leaders. However, the Leadership Substitute Theory would be counter indicated for the areas of subordinate, task, and group/organizational characteristics. This is because my staff could need little direction from me as their supervisor if they have extensive experience. Also, when staff repeats their task over and over, they become proficient and don’t need feedback, but are building their own motivation. As a task-oriented, transformational, and charismatic leader, I would struggle more with staff who are more independent or did not work well in the group. I like to give freedom to my staff, but my style makes it necessary to know what is going on in the jobs at all times. Conclusion My leadership style is transformational, charismatic with my main focus on task-oriented management. I work hard to inspire my staff, while also meeting deadlines. I focus better when I’m working with a team rather than individuals who do their own thing. Research has shown that my leadership style is an asset to many companies if utilized in the right way. This is why I would like a position that allows me to shine, take the lead of a team, while focusing on the companies â€Å"big picture.† References Robbins, S. P., Judge, T. A. (2011). Organizational behavior (14th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Yuki, G. (2010). Leadership in organizations (7th Ed.) Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.

Jay-Z Bio :: essays research papers

Jay-Z was born Shawn Corey Carter on December 4, 1969. He grew up in the infamous Marcy projects in Brooklyn with a sister and a brother. You would think that just growing up on the Marcy projects would be hard enough on a kid, but at the age of twelve, Shawn’s parents got a divorce. Shawn then attended the Brooklyn High school with two of today’s better known rappers, Biggie Smalls and Busta Rhymes. Shawn Carter was an intelligent and promising student, but he had behavior problems. He was introduced to the life of drugs and crime at the age of 16, where he stayed and didn’t look back until, in 1992, he decided to leave the world of drugs and crime. Soon after doing this he began looking for a record deal as a solo artist. But Shawn just wasn’t getting lucky. It wasn't until a friend, Roc-A-Fella CEO Damon Dash, convinced him to form a record company with him that Jay-Z's career finally got off the ground. Jay-Z released his first single through Roc-A-Fella in 1995, "In My Lifetime." It was a hit in New York, and helped Dash secure a distribution deal for Jay-Z’s first album, â€Å"Reasonable Doubt.† Although â€Å"Reasonable Doubt† wasn’t a huge success, it showed that the young man from Brooklyn had skills and was not to be taken lightly. More importantly, it earned the admirations from stars as varied from Notorious B.I.G. to Ice Cube. One of his songs even made its way onto the nutty professor soundtrack. Shawn’s career only went up from there. In 1997, Jay-Z's follow-up, In My Lifetime, Vol. 1, peaked at #3 on the Billboard album charts, and helped establish his career and mainstream success. He continued releasing top selling records until 2003, when he announced the release of the Black Album as his last record.

Computer Education Technology

Back to the 1940s, the modern electronic computer was developed at U.S. universities; however, in the year, there was no computer education yet. It needed more 10 years to have computer education. The period of the computer revolution was 1950 in the U.S.. Computer education began in the middle of the 1950s with an organized body of knowledge. Also Japanese the teaching of computer science has been developed in the same period. During 1955 to 1959, some universities developed their own computers. They organized short courses. Computer technology comes from the U.S. to Japan. Usually a technology is developed in the U.S.. After that, it comes to Japan so Japanese computer education is late at all and most manuals are written in English so it is easy to lean computer for people who speak English; however, most Japanese people who live in Japan cannot understand English so they have to translate English to Japanese to understand the manuals. It needs much time. Usually Japanese universities teach computer to students in Japanese so students have to study not only computer but also English when they try to use computer even if they can use Japanese operating system. For example, the command of the computer programming languages are written in English so Japanese students have to have dictionary their hand, therefore, some students stop learning it. It is so hard for Japanese student. In the near future, computer technology will be needed and important for not only students who want to be programmers or engineers but also general Japanese people so Japanese computer education has to find their own computer educational system so that people who have no computer knowledge can learn it easily.

Elvis Presley Coursework Assignment

What can you learn from source A about Elvis Presley's impact on popular music in the USA in 1955? From source A we can learn that Elvis was a popular, whether people liked his music or just him still sold his records, ‘six hit singles in the companies hit list of top 25 best sellers'. It also shows that the magazine liked him and had confidence in him and that he would succeed at the highest level. This is shown by the title ‘Presley Hot as $1 Pistol' meaning he will shoot to stardom quickly. The article also mentions that he is also ‘the number two best seller' after a well respected, clean cut singer. This shows he has already almost made the big time. Question 2. Study Sources A and B. Source B gives different impressions of Elvis Presley to that given in Source A. i) In what ways do the sources differ? Source A is different to Source B in many ways. Source A is a factual article which is encouraging towards Elvis, promoting the fact that he is popular. This source is aimed at any age group or race that had an interest in modern music and read the magazine. Source B is peoples personal opinions, condemning and objected, ‘Presley has no singing ability', and ‘primitive physical movement', are examples of the personal criticism and abuse Source B implies. Source B is aimed at middle aged, middle class white people. ii) Use Sources C and D, and your own knowledge to explain why Sources A and B differ. Source A is written earlier than Source B and is about record sales. Whereas Source B is commenting on a TV appearance made by Elvis later on. Source C also refers to his TV appearance. Source C agrees with Source B in that Elvis never should have gone on TV. Source A is written in March 1956 before anybody had seen Elvis on TV so there was no reason to criticise him. Source B is written in the same year but is after his first TV appearance. B is supported by both C and D in criticising Elvis about his appearance and his dancing technique. This is shown in Source B stating his ‘primitive physical movement' and is supported by C and D quoting, ‘unfortunately Presley makes personal appearances', and ‘how shocking he looked'. Source A is aimed at any age group or race that had an interest in reading the magazine and in modern music. Source B is aimed at the middle or upper class that would read national newspapers. Source C is aimed at Catholics, and Source D is aimed at anybody. Sources B, C, and D all criticise him so therefore support each other. This is another reason why Sources A and B are different. Source A is reaction to his records and is a factual Source ‘six hit singles in the company's hit list of top-25 best sellers'. Whereas Sources B, C, and D, are all opinions of him and his appearance. Source C supports Source B in that it was criticism of him early in his career when he first made his appearance on TV. Source D supports Source B in criticising Elvis. It shows that even other singers were being shocked by his performances ‘told some real bad, crude jokes, which weren't even funny'. Whereas normally you would expect another person in the same trade to be more accepting of a young up and coming star, who is new to the business. Question 3. Study Sources B, E and F. Do Sources E and F support the evidence of Source B about the impact of Elvis Presley? Use your own knowledge to explain your answer. Sources E and F do not support Source B. Source B was written as newspaper articles about Elvis' appearance on the Milton Berle show. The three articles in source B are all critical about Elvis eg. ‘Presley has no singing ability', ‘unintelligible lyrics' and ‘grunt and groan antics'. Whereas Sources E and F are positive about his appearances. ‘The Milton Berle show topped Sergeant Berle in the ratings'. This shows that people were watching the show to see him perform, ‘it was a relaxed and therefore more effective Milton Berle show'. Source F shows screaming and shouting girls and how popular he is. This Source could also be negative as it shows him and his roughneck appearance. All of these sources show that Elvis did make an impact whether he was liked or disliked. The age group he had the biggest impact on were the teenagers. This was because they liked his music and his rebellious style. Question 4. Study Source G. Use your own knowledge to explain why these different views were expressed. In Source G the three different people speaking all have the same view but for different reasons. The congressman Emmanuel Celler dislikes Elvis because he thought that he overdid his actions. The congressman did not have a problem with rock'n'roll but ‘Presley and his animal gyrations violate all that I know to be in good taste'. He thought that Elvis was over the top. The next part of Source G was a statement by a member of the Ku Klux Klan. The KKK were a big racist group in south America at the time of Elvis' rise to fame. At this time segregation and the Jim Crow laws were still being used. The KKK spokesman dislikes Elvis because he used black peoples style, for example Little Richard style songs. He also describes Elvis as a ‘cannibalistic, negro-loving rock and roller', which shows he has a vision of a stereotypical American red Indian who would eat white men that entered their territory. At this time 56% of Blacks were under the poverty line. The Preacher is agai nst Elvis because he sees Elvis as a bad influence on the young, stating that he ‘would not let my daughter cross the road to see Elvis'. He might also dislike Elvis because as a member of the church he might be against his sexual movement such as the hip thrusts. Question 5. Study Source I. Source I suggests that attitudes to Elvis Presley were beginning to change by 1958. Use the source, and your own knowledge to explain why this was happening. Source I shows that people were starting to like Elvis. Source I suggests that he had achieved US democracy doing what all American citizens were expected to do ‘This is US democracy at its best', because he did not use ‘influence to buy his way out'. This changed his image from a rebel to a squeaky clean pop star. He changed his style of music and started making films. Recording sessions were made shorter so he could move on to his next film, in contrast to the 30 takes of Hound Dog. After he had returned from the army he stopped doing live concerts and started wearing suits. He sung a duet with a well respected star, Frank Sinatra, on Frank's TV show, which was edited so that the audiences screams were taken out. Elvis' films joining the army and business manner made him more acceptable for all age groups and classes. Question 6. Study all the sources. ‘The impact of Elvis Presley on US society during the 1950's was more the result of television coverage of performance than his music.' Use the sources, and your own knowledge ,to explain whether you agree with this view of the career of Elvis Presley. The impact of Elvis Presley in the 1950's is said to have been more to do with his TV appearances than his music. A lot of people did not have TV's in the 1950's but most people had radios so the statement is debatable. Newspapers and magazines also highlighted and mostly exaggerated Elvis' appearances. Personally I disagree with the statement. Sources B and C are Magazine and newspaper articles with other peoples opinions about his TV appearances. Both of these articles are one sided against Elvis, only giving a conservative reaction. These reactions are all picking out bad things about his appearance and movements eg. ‘Presley has no singing ability', ‘Unintelligible lyrics', ‘primitive physical movement', and ‘grunt and groan antics'. Source F which shows Elvis dancing and singing could be positive in that there are so many screaming fans, or negative showing roughneck appearance with sideburns and controversial dress sense. Sources A, E, and H are all positive Sources towards him and his records. Source A shows that his music was popular and that he was already the ‘number two best seller' before he even appeared on TV. Source E shows that his appearance on the Milton Berle TV show had topped the ratings. This shows that people were tuning in to see him again showing he was popular before his first TV appearance. Source H is more facts about his record sales and how well they were selling compared to other artists at the same time. These statistics tell us that his music was extremely popular. These three Sources are factual rather than opinion like Sources B, and C. The middle aged group of people at the time were always looking to criticise Elvis.

Essay reviewing and outlining major points included in the study How Families Still Matter by USC Prof. Verne Bengtson

Essay reviewing and outlining major points included in the study How Families Still Matter by USC Prof. Verne Bengtson SOCI 150Midterm #2Review of How Families still MatterEvery Time I turn on the news it seems as though the media is trying to assert that today's youth are lazy products of the apparently struggling institution that is the Family. As a person who grew up in a family that could have been the model for a 1950's sitcom I find this interesting. Even though I grew up in a traditional family setting, I often find it difficult to believe that I am at all similar to what my parents were like at my age because it seems as though the structure of the family has changed so much. Furthermore, how have the many changes in structure of family living arrangements over the last few decades affected the family's ability to function properly? More importantly, what is the job of the family? Is this job being fulfilled? The important new release How Families Still Matter, by Vern L.Roald Amundsen og Robert Peary under overrekkelsen...Bengtson, Timothy J. Biblarz, and Robert E.L. Roberts which was publis hed by Cambridge University Press in Fall 2002, addresses these questions and more based on the results of their definitive, ground breaking research in the area over the last thirty years.How Families Still Matter is an important publication for a number of reasons. The study this book is based on is truly unique and ground breaking. It is a "longitudinal" study of multiple families over multiple generations. This means over thirty years ago, the researchers began studying a number of families and have followed those families for up to four generations. This is important because we can compare the social attitudes and values, physical and mental health, and the educational and occupational aspirations and goals of each generation and compare them to the generations before and after them and...

Why Principals Must Build Relationships with Parents

Why Principals Must Build Relationships with Parents Much has been made about the need for teachers to foster healthy relationships with the parents of their students. Likewise, a principal must seek out opportunities to build cooperative relationships with parents.   Though the relationship between principal and parents are much more distant than the relationship between teacher and parents, there is still considerable value there.   Principals who embrace the opportunity to build the relationships with parents will find it to be a worthwhile investment.   Relationships Build Respect Parents may not always agree with your decisions, but when they respect you, it makes those disagreements easier.   Garnering parental respect helps to make those tough decisions a little easier. Principals are not perfect, and all their decisions will not turn to gold. Being respected gives principals a little latitude when they do fail. Furthermore, if the parents respect you, the students will respect you.   This alone makes any time invested in building relationships with parents worthwhile. Relationships BuildTrust Trust is sometimes the most difficult thing to earn. Parents are often skeptical. They want to know that you have the best interests of their children at heart.   Trust happens when parents bring issues or concerns to you and know when they leave your office that it is going to be addressed. The benefits of earning a parent’s trust are fantastic. Trust gives you the leeway to make decisions without looking over your shoulder, worrying about being questioned, or having to defend it.   Relationships Allow for Honest Feedback Perhaps the biggest benefit of having a relationship with parents is that you can solicit feedback from them on a wide variety of school-related issues.   A good principal seeks out honest feedback. They want to know what works well, but they also want to know what needs to be fixed.   Taking this feedback and examining it further can spark great changes in a school. Parents have great ideas. Many will never express those ideas because they do not have a relationship with a principal.   Principals must be okay with asking the tough questions, but also receiving the tough answers.   We may not like everything we hear, but having feedback can challenge the way we think and ultimately make our school better. Relationships Make Your Job Easier A principal’s job is difficult.   Nothing is predictable. Each day brings about new and unexpected challenges.   When you have healthy relationships with parents, it simply makes your job easier.   Calling a parent about a student discipline issue becomes much easier when there is a healthy relationship there.   Making decisions, in general, become easier when you know that parents respect you and trust you enough to do your job that they are not going to be beating down your door and questioning your every move. Strategies for Principals to Build Relationships with Parents Principals spend a large amount of time after school at extra-curricular activities. This is a great opportunity to reach out and build informal relationships with parents.   Great principals are adept at finding common ground or mutual interests with almost any parent.   They can talk about anything from the weather to politics to sports.   Having these conversations helps parents see you as a real person and not just as a figurehead for the school.   They see you in part as the person who really likes the Dallas Cowboys as opposed to the guy that’s out to get my kid. Knowing something personal about you will make it easier to trust and respect you. One simple strategy for building relationships with parents is to randomly call 5-10 parents each week and ask them a short series of questions about the school, their children’s teachers, etc.   Parents will love that you took the time to ask them their opinion. Another strategy is a parent’s luncheon.   A principal can invite a small group of parents to join them for lunch to talk about key issues the school is dealing with.   These luncheons can be scheduled on a monthly basis or as needed.   Utilizing strategies like these can really solidify relationships with parents. Finally, schools are almost always forming committees on a variety of school-related topics. These committees should not be limited to school personnel. Inviting parents and students to serve on a committee brings a different perspective that can be beneficial for everyone.   Parents get to be a part of the inner workings of the school and provide their stamp on their child’s education. Principals are able to utilize this time to continue to build relationships and solicit a perspective they may not have otherwise been given.

Brief a Case Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Brief a Case - Assignment Example The injuries occurred from falling scales that toppled because of the explosion of fireworks in a bag that were dropped by Long Island Railway employee. Palsgraf sued the railway company for the conduct of its employees that resulted to the passenger dropping his package. The trial court and the immediate appellate courts ruled in favor of Palsgraf citing negligence (Cardozo 1). The appeals court rescinded the decision of the trial courts citing that negligence is not a tort unless the injury is foreseeable. The legal questions raised in this case were â€Å"How is the duty of care owed determined?† and â€Å"To who does a party owe the duty of care?† The appeals court held that the defendant owes a duty of care only to the individuals who are in the realistically predictable zone of danger (Cardozo 1). The case number 11 CV 0445 Wilson Sporting Goods Company, the Appellant, vs. Edwin Hickox and Lisa Hickox, the Appellee, was decided on January 31, 2013. In the previous history of this case, the appellee, Hickox, was wounded while wearing a Wilson Sporting Goods Company’s mask. Hickox brought liability case against the company and won in the trial court. In this case, Wilson Sporting Goods Company appealed citing that Hickox and his wife presented expert testimony that was devoid of acceptable basis and that the evidence was not sufficient (Fisher et al. 1). The appeals court held the decision of summary judgement to Medtronic citing that the company was liable for injuries caused to Hickox for negligent and defective design, failure to warn and the violation of indirect warranty of the applicability of the item for a particular resolution (Fisher et al. 1). The court awarded Mr. Hickox $750, 000 and Lisa Hickox, his wife $25, 000. The primary question was whether the evidence presented by the expert was adequate. Pursuant to Jones

Integrated Marketing Communication Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Integrated Marketing Communication - Case Study Example The present research has identified that along with the internal marketing, the integrated marketing communication is also one of the important concepts because it is only with the help of the integrated marketing communication that how and why the product becomes more important and how the customers are influenced to buy that particular product. Integrated marketing communication is the most important process and with the help of which any brand can gain success and can gain popularity too. Gaining success is the most important for any company. According to the American Marketing Association, Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) is termed as a planning process which is designed to assure that all the brands which are created are according to the needs and demands of customers. (IMC) integrated marketing communication is termed as a holistic approach to the marketing level. Along with this, the concept of integrated marketing communication also consists of the offline and online marketing channels. Online marketing channels basically consist of different kinds of e-marketing programs or campaigns, from the different level of search engine optimization, different kinds of the email banners and also the pay per click programs. Whereas on the other hand, the offline marketing channels are one of the main examples of the traditional prints like newspaper or magazines. These above-mentioned marketing channels are the main source for any kind of company in order to provide such working environment where people can work easily and can generate better results. Marketing channels basically provide the target through which any company can identify its customers in order to achieve their targeted goals. It is all because of the marketing channels that how the company is working and how their products are becoming more popular among people. When a company launches any product, only half of the work is done and almost half is left. The work which is left is the main and one of the most important works that are how to make this produced product popular among people. People can only know about any product with the help of marketing. When the marketing is done for that product only then everyone will know that what exactly the product is and what it actually means. There are several kinds of strategies which are related to (IMC) integrated marketing communication in order to develop into a primary and the most important tool for the market: - Media advertising towards the multiple kinds of communication. - Mass media towards the most specialized media also known as niche media. - Manufacturer dominating market towards a retailer dominating a market. - General kind of the focus advertisings towards the data based marketing. All the above-mentioned strategies are very much important in the area of integrated marketing communication as it plays an important role because if there are no strategies company can gain no profit and therefore in the result, i t will suffer loss. Nowadays integrated marketing communication has become a wide perspective which is now also done via internet. Now everything can be done via internet and via networking.

Art Comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Art Comparison - Essay Example In this essay, it will feature more from the Museum of Modern art where the comparison between the works will be mainly based on the style, content, artistic intention and the historical context. When these aspects are explained, it gives one a deeper meaning of the work art work and you stop viewing it with a surface eye. This is because ever art work has a meaning and a source of inspiration. Art work has been used to communicate and it has more than a thousand words. It is a simpler way to communicate and it leaves a greater impact than writing so many words. It is much easier to remember an image of an art for many years than to remember a piece of written work. Though there are many types of art like singing, drama, poetry, and dancing, this essay will be focusing on painting and sculpture arts. Most of the paintings were done using oil because oil was resistant to water, it was readily found, was flexible enough to take different shapes and colors. Therefore, this paper look at the comparison between Lucky Strike by Stuart Davis and OOF by Edward Ruscha artistic works and Marilyn Monroe, I by James Rosenquist and Woman, I by Willem de Kooning in this essay. Luck Strike is a painting that was done by Stuart Davis. Stuart Davis was an American who was passionate about art. This art can tell that the artist was appreciating the tobacco company in America. It also shows that he loved the products from his own country.2 It was during 1921 that the tobacco the top most products in America that Stuart Davis came up with this art as a gift to the American Tobacco Company. OOF was done by Edward Ruscha in the year 1962 but he refined it in 1963. It was a gift of Agnes Gund. â€Å"I was interested in monosyllabic word sounds that seemed to have a certain comedic value to them†, Ruscha said. He was in a joyful mood when he was designing this art and he wanted to pass the

Warehouse Management Essay Example for Free

Warehouse Management Essay Abstract: The study presented here considers arrangement and management policies to improve the order picking procedure in the existing company warehouse. The study was conducted in a timber goods production and trading company. The main objective was to reduce the overall picking time that is quite high due to the lack of proper management and the nature of the stored items. The first stage was to register the situation in the warehouse. The second stage involved the analysis of the obtained data, to identify promising modifications and quantify the benefits of adopting them. The proposed modifications were based on policies and methodologies suggested in the literature. After the company approved and implemented (some of) the proposed modifications, the final stage was to measure and analyse the achieved improvements. Keywords: warehousing, case study, facility layout, order picking time 1. INTRODUCTION Order picking (OP) appears as one of the most significant activities in a warehouse. The picking tasks may contribute by over 65% in the warehouse operating costs. In fact, the retrieval cost exceeds by far the storage cost of any given item (Coyle et al., 1996). The factors affecting the efficiency of OP typically include the product demand, the warehouse layout, the location of the items, the picking method in combination with the routing methods, the experience of the employees, and the extent of automation (Gattorna, 1997). Note that the high cost associated with the automation of the procedure forces the majority of companies to use manual operation, usually at the expense of efficiency and time. The case study is carried out in a timber goods production and trading company. We consider one of the existing warehouse facilities and we attempt to improve its performance. The performance measure is the total picking time, so our objective is to find ways to reduce it as much as it is practically possible and desirable. At the first stage involves the collection of time data, to target the improvement that may be accomplished from the transition from a totally disorderly situation to an organized and controlled warehouse environment. The second stage suggests, implements and studies alternative storage, picking and routing schemes, according to observations made during the first stage. During the third stage, a second series of time measurements is carried out to investigate the achieved benefits. 2. REVIEW OF WAREHOUSE POLICIES RELATED TO ORDER PICKING There is a variety of studies on methods, policies, principles and/or techniques developed to improve the overall OP procedure. The decisions usually concern policies for the picking of the product items, the routing of the pickers in the warehouse, and the storage schemes for the products in the warehouse. The research scope has been to investigate the effect of changes in these policies on the reduction of the overall OP costs and the increase of percent savings. Petersen and Gerald (2003) was the first to attempt a simultaneous evaluation of all the three policies, whereas the usual practice is to consider them separately. 2.1. Picking policies In terms of the picking policies, Ackerman (1990) divided OP into strict, batch and zone picking and proposed policies tailored to each case. In strict picking, a single order is assigned during a picking tour, leading to lower service times and higher customer satisfaction. The policy is ideal when the group of the picking products is quite small and easy to be found. Drawbacks of the policy include an increase in the overall transportation time and a cost penalty. Alternatively, the batch picking policy assigns to a picker more than one orders during a picking tour (Gibson and Sharp, 1992; De Coster et al., 1999; Petersen, 2000). The batch scheme may bring significant reduction on the total picking time, but introduces an additional cost for monitoring and separating the orders at a later stage. Zone picking assigns a picker to a designated picking zone, where the picker is responsible for those products that are in his/her zone of the warehouse. This scheme decreases the chances for destructions and mistakes, but a possible delay in a zone is a threshold for the entire picking procedure for a big order. Frazelle and Apple (1994) further divided zone picking into: sequential zone, batch zone and wave OP. Petersen (2000) suggested that in the sequential zone scheme the order integrity is maintained, in batch zone the orders are batched together and each picker collects the products within a zone, and in wave picking a group of orders is programmed in precise time period. 2.2. Routing policies Routing policies suggest the route for a picking tour and the picking sequence of the items on the pick list. The suggestions are based on decision-making technologies that range from simple heuristics to mathematical optimization procedures. Using mathematical programming tools Ratliff and Rosenthal (1983) found that optimal routing reduced the travel time, but the optimal routes were quite confusing routes and difficult to implement in practice. Hall (1993) and Petersen and Schmenner (1999) examined the efficiency of heuristic routing in minimizing the distance traveled by the picker. In practice, many warehouses use the traversal policy, where the picker must pass through the entire aisle and in order to collect the items. Petersen (1997) and Roodbergen and Koster (2001) examined the possibility of combined traversal and return routes to reduce further the travel distance. 2.3 Storage policies Storage policies remain the least investigated among the three policy categories. Random storage is the most widely used option, and Schwarz et al. (1978) examined its performance. Petersen and Aase (2003) claimed that random storage is by far the simplest option and requires less space compared to the more sophisticated storage policies. The simplest structured-storage schemes apply class-based and/or demandbased policies in the arrangement of the products. In class-based storage the products are classified, and items of each class are placed within the same area of the warehouse. In demand (or volume) –based storage the products are stored according to their demand (or their size) near the Pick-up / Drop-off point (P/D). Jarvis and Mc Dowell (1991) suggested that the optimal storage strategy is to place the items with great demand in the aisle, thus reduce the travel time. Gibson and Sharp (1992) and Gray et al. (1992) stated that locating high volume items near to the P/D point increased the picking efficiency. Petersen and Schmenner (1999) examined the volume-based storage policies and concluded that the method resulted to less time compared to other storage policies. Eynan and Rosenblatt (1994) claimed that the class-based storage required less data processing and yielded similar saving with volume-based storage. Tompkins and Smith (1998) suggested that the overall picking time could be reduced applying the Pareto principle on the storage arrangement. In a warehouse, a relatively small number of products constitutes the largest part of the stock and accounts for the largest part of the dispatches of the warehouse. Consequently, if high demand items are placed in near distance and grouped into classes, then picking time can be significantly reduced. The former is easy to apply by allocating a number of the front area piles to items of high demand or leftovers. In terms of more sophisticated storage options, Ven den Berg (1999) suggested a separation of the warehouse into a forward and a reserve area. The forward area was for order picking, while the reserve area was used for replenishing the forward area. The variety of different methods and techniques makes it difficult to identify the most appropriate policy to increase the overall performance of the picking activity. The decision on the appropriate principles and policies to be applied depends on the characteristics of the particular system, i.e. product and warehouse. By reducing the non-productive elements during OP, Gattorna (1997) presented a set of basic and general productivity improvement principles. 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDIED WAREHOUSE – INITIAL SITUATION The company considered here deals with wood production and trading, and uses 6 warehouses for the finished products. Each warehouse is further divided into individual sections where different categories of products are stored. Panels, i.e. sheets of compressed wood (chipboard) account for 80% of the total product sales of the company. The panels are covered with coloured melamine to imitate the appearance of various types of wood. The panel warehouse has over 6000 codes of stored products, distributed into 4 individual sections. The study considers one of these sections, where the number of codes is around 1000. The most frequent values for the size of the panels is 3.66Ãâ€"1.83m, and the thickness is between 6cm and 25cm. Instead of using shelves, the products are piled one on top of the other using small chocks between the packages. Great attention is paid to the alignment of the items in each pile, to avoid sheet warping. Warping can easily occur due to the small thickness of the packages and the large load they take. The studied warehouse section consists of three parts: two of them have 12 front piles each and the third part has 6 front piles (Figure 1). The piles are 7m high and the products are stored in up to 4 depths of pile levels. The main aisle is used by the clarks to gain access to the front piles. The aisle is wide enough to allow the clarks to remove the items of the front piles and to retrieve items stored in the deeper levels. Each part of the section contains different groups of products. Customer orders are collected by the Sales Department and sent to the Traffic Office on daily basis. The loading plans contain information on the ordered items and their quantities, the customer placing the order, and the requested mode of loading on the lorry. In the course of a day, the Traffic Office prepares over 25 order plans. The plans are usually collected and loaded at the same time. Initially, the warehouse suffered from many problems that mainly affected the search and retrieval times. The picking followed the strict OP policy. Each pair of pickers (an operator and an assistant) undertook a single order-plan at the time. Orders from other plans were collected once the pickers completed their current plan, even if this required revisiting the same areas of the warehouse. There was no automated or optimal routing system used here, and the choice of an efficient route remained on the experience of the picker. The grouping of the products in the section parts was based on the type of their surface (e.g. porous or smooth), regardless of the kind of wood. This was the only storage rule, and then the items were stored randomly in the section parts. Tracing a product was relying on the experience of the warehouse managers and the memory of the pickers. From the point of management the process depended on the experience of the personnel, while even a simple WMS version was certain to improve the situation. Once the location of an item was specified, the retrieval time was affected by the size/weight of the products, and the mode of storage. For instance, if the ordered product was located on the second, third or fourth depth of pile levels, many items had to be removed until the product was finally retrieved. Then, the removed items had to be placed back to their original locations. 4. MEASUREMENTS AND PROPOSED MODIFICATIONS The time measurements were carried out twice. The first measurement (stage 1) presented the initial anarchous situation of the system (see Section 3). The second measurement (stage 3) showed the effect of the improvements suggested by the authors and adopted by the company. The picking procedure is divided into four phases, and the time measurements concern the: 1. the travel time required for the picker to reach the pick point, 2. the search time required for the products to be found, 3. the retrieval time required for the products to be retrieved, and 4. the return time required for the picker to transport the products to the order point. Each time measurement considered 15 order plans selected by the Traffic Office of the company in collaboration with the authors. The selected plans were representative and included a large number of products, so that the analysis of the obtained time schedules yields reasonable and reliable conclusions. The number of orders in the studied plans ranged from 5 to 17 per plan. To allow comparison between the picking times measured for items of different size, the results are presented as the measured time over the volume of the respective item, namely in minutes per cubic meter. 4.1. Stage 1: Results of the 1ST measurement series The results of the 1st measurement series are reported on Table 1. The time required to complete the picking cycle is 5.69 min/m3. In terms of the itemized times for travel, search, retrieval and return, we observe that finding and retrieving the products are the most time-consuming procedures. The search time is around 36% (2.05 min/m3) of the total OP time. The percentage is quite high and reveals the need for an automated system to control and monitor the placement of the stock. Tracing the products becomes an extremely difficult and demanding procedure relaying mainly on the experience of the operator and the assistant. Many years of work in this particular position and the ability to locate the items using visual contact are decisive factors. In many cases, finding an item quickly is merely a matter of coincidence or luck. Our results include cases where locating a stocked product took over 45 minutes of searching and the product eventually failed to reach the customer on time. Table 1: Final results obtained during the 1st and the 2nd measurements Phases Travel time Search time Retrieval time Return time Travel return times Total 1ST measurement before modifications t1 (minutes) % total 0.51 9.0 2.05 36.0 2.50 43.9 0.63 11.1 1.14 5.69 20.0 100. 2ST measurement after modifications t2 (minutes) % total 0.33 11.5 0.37 12.9 1.73 60.5 0.43 15.0 0.76 2.86 26.6 100. Relative time reduction (t1-t2) / t1 % 35.3 82.0 30.8 31.7 33.3 49.7 The retrieval time is around 44% (2.50 min/m3) of the total OP time. Most of this time is spent on removing products in the front levels until the desired item comes to surface. The multiple storage depths combined with the surface type-based storage makes retrieval the most time-consuming procedure. Note that the initial choice of storage policies was based upon empirical criteria since, without a systematic measurement and consideration of the real system. Typically, the travel and return times account for over half of the total OP time (Tompkins, 1998), and most of the research work in increasing the efficiency of OP has focussed on the assumption. This does not apply to the problem considered here, where the retrieval times are considerably higher due to the nature of the products. Supported by the results of Stage 1, the retrieval times can be reduced by rearranging the warehouse and applying storage principles as discussed in Section 2. 4.2. Stage 2: Proposed and implemented mo difications The scope here is to reduce the time spent to reach the picking area and the packaging point. Based on the analysis of the first measurements the following were suggested to the company. Introduction of a Warehouse Management System (WMS): The use of a WMS can facilitate and speed up the tracing of the products. This is expected to reduce significantly the search time that is over a third of the total OP time. Improvement of the picking policies: After introducing a WMS, it is advisable to change the method of OP from strict to zone picking. Application of optimal routing policies: In total, the travel and return time is only around 20% of the total OP time. A techno-economical feasibility study (in the form of an ABC analysis) can quantify how much of this can really be reduced by the choice of routing policies, and provide incentives to carry out the necessary modifications. Changing the location of fast moving products in the warehouse, to reduce the retrieval time for small orders. The number of the wood panels ordered is usually other than those contained in the panel lots. The initial policy was to leave the remaining items in their original locations until they were again in demand. The result was to have many broken lots of the same product stored randomly in various places and levels within the warehouse. The remainders of the product lots can be placed in easily accessible front piles assigned for this purpose. Extending the storage space to reduce the storage depths from four to two, to reduce the retrieval time. This however increases the fraction of the void over the total space in the warehouse, and creates a trade off between the time needed to access the products and the cost of extending the warehouse area. The company adopted some of the above suggestions, namely the installation of a simple WMS and a change in the location of its products, following an ABC analysis. The storage mode changed to demandbased, hence the fast moving products were placed closer to the section entrance to reduce the travel and return times. Also, two piles were allocated on each side section, where the remainders under 20 sheets would be placed (see the broken lot piles in Figure 1). The company did not switch to zone picking, because separating the items of the different order packs needs extra space. Also, the company could not consider our suggestion to reduce the storage depth levels, since this requ ired building an additional warehouse. 4.3. Stage 3: Results of the 2ND measurement series Once our suggestions were implemented, the second measurement series was conducted to evaluate the subsequent reductions on the total OP time. The results and the differences between the first and the second measurements are presented on the Table 1. The total time to complete the picking cycle is now 2.86 min/m3, thus a reduction of nearly 50% was achieved. More specifically, the search time is down by over 80% and is now nearly 13% (0.37 min/m3) of the total. This is because the item locations are registered and given to pickers along with the order plan. Further reductions could be achieved if the employed WMS specified the height along with the depth of the product location. The demand-based storage and the use of the two piles for the broken lots reduced the retrieval time by 30.8%, to 1.73 min/m3. There is also significant reduction (33.3% on average) in the travel time to and from the picking points, due to the new storage policies adopted. Despite the significant overall reduction on the OP time, the problem of item retrieval remains unresolved. In effect, the current retrieval time is 60% of the total OP time. Redu cing the storage depths is not considered presently, as it requires expansion of the warehousing establishments. 5. CONCLUSIONS This work presents a real case study to improve the performance of order picking in an existing company warehouse. The main objective is the reduction of the overall picking time. The work is divided into three stages. The first stage is to register the situation in the warehouse with regard to the required order picking times. The total time is divided into travel, search, retrieval and return time to allow a more detailed analysis of the situation. The analysis of the obtained data identifies promising modifications and quantifies the benefits of adopting them. In effect, the measurements indicated the need for more systematic management, storage and arrangement of the products in the warehouse, and more efficient routing. After the company approved and implemented (some of) the proposed modifications, the time measurements were repeated to see the benefits. Finally, a mean 50% reduction in the total picking times was achieved. There is still space for improvement, even given the reluctance of the company to carry out expensive modifications. Our future research considers the development of a simple warehouse simulation tool to apply different arrangement options and evaluate their performance, using the time data collected in this work. REFERENCES Ackerman, K. B., 1990. â€Å"Practical Handbook of Warehousing†, Van Nostrand Reinhold, NY. Coyle, J.J., Bardi, E.J., Langley, C.J., 1996. â€Å"The Management of Business Logistics†, 6th ed., West Publishing, St Paul, MN. De Koster, M.B.M., Van der Poort, E.S., Wolters, M., 1999. â€Å"Efficient order batching methods in warehouses†, International Journal of Production Research, vol. 37, no. 7, pp. 1479-1504. Eynan, A., Rosenblatt, M.J., 1994. â€Å"Establishing zones in single-command class-based rectangular AS/RS†, IIE Transactions, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 38-46. Frazelle, E.H., Apple, J.M., 1994. â€Å"Warehouse Operations†, in J.A. Tompkins and D.A. Harmelink (Eds), The Distribution Management Handbook, McGraw-Hill, NY, pp. 22.1-22.36. Gibson, D.R., Sharp, G.P., 1992. â€Å"Order batching procedures†, European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 58, pp. 57-67. Gray, A.E., Karmarkar, U.S., Seidmann, A., 1992. â€Å"Design and operation of an order-consolidation warehouse: Models and application†, European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 58, pp. 3-13. Hall, R.W., 1993. â€Å"Distance approximations for routing manual pickers in a warehouse†, IIE Transactions, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 76-87. Jarvis, J.M., McDowell, E.D., 1991. â€Å"Optimal product layout in an order picking warehouse†, IIE Transactions, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 93-102. Gattorna, J., 1997. Handbook of Logistics and Distribution management, 4th ed., Gower Publisher Company. Petersen, C.G., 1997. â€Å"An evaluation of order picking routing policies†, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 1096-1111. Petersen, C.G., 2000. â€Å"An evaluation of order picking policies for mail order companies†, Production and Operations Management, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 319-335. Petersen, C.G., Aase, G., 2003. â€Å"A comparison of picking, storage and routing policies in manual order picking†, International Journal of Production Economics, in press. Petersen, C.G., Schmenner, R.W., 1998. â €Å"An evaluation of routing and volume-based storage policies in an order picking operation†, Decision Sciences, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 481-501. Ratliff, H.D., Rosenthal, A.S., 1983. â€Å"Order-picking in a rectangular warehouse: A solvable case of the traveling salesman problem†, Operations Research, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 507-521. Roodbergen, K.J., Koster, R., 2001. â€Å"Routing methods for warehouses with multiple cross aisles†, International Journal of Production Research, vol. 39, no. 9, pp. 1865-1883. Schwarz, L.B., Graves, S.C., Hausman, W.H., 1978. â€Å"Scheduling policies for automatic warehousing systems: simulation results†, AIIE Transactions, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 260-270. Tompkins, J.A., Smith, J.D., 1998. The Warehouse Management Handbook, 2nd ed., Tompkins Press, Raleigh. Van den Berg, J.P., Zijm, W.H.M., 1999. â€Å"Models for warehouse management: Classification and examples†, International Journal of Production Economics, vol. 59, pp. 519-528.

Sigmund Freud :: essays research papers

What is the origin of your theories and what evidence do you have to back them up?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sigmund Freud developed many theories in an effort to answer the mystery of a person’s conscious and subconscious. The evidence for these theories came through years of analysis of patients and himself. In fact many of his ideas and beliefs came from his own psychoanalysis. His invention of â€Å"psychoanalysis† ha allowed us to better understand the Oedipus Complex, dreams, and symptoms of hysteria.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Certain patients of Freud would display signs and symptoms of hysteria and instead of excepting a doctor’s diagnostic he would delve into their mind in order to find a resolution. After analyzing numerous patients he came to the belief that certain events are never forgotten. A memory that would possible cause this problem would not fade away but rather just burrow itself into the persons conscious. The only way these events could ever be reached would be when the conscious would release its barrier and this could be done under hypnosis. Once the event and it feelings were relived the symptoms were gone. Freud came to the conclusion that the symptoms were a way of the conscious discharging the â€Å"affect† of the memory. In time Freud came to realize that a more productive method of recalling the memories was through â€Å"free association† or just talking about whatever is in your head. When this was performed on patients and the feedback wa s studied Freud was amazed that an abundance of it dealt with sexual childhood experiences.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This type of feedback became common in Freud’s free association sessions. What the patient talked about was not perfectly straight forward it was instead disguised. This disguising was common because it was a tool used buy the conscious in order to protect itself. Eventually these childhood experiences developed into the theory of the Oedipus complex. This complex meant that since a majority of a small child life is spent with just two parents, he forms an attraction to the opposite sex and a resentment towards the father. The Oedipus Complex in fact had strong support from Freud’s own experiences. As a boy he had seen his own mother naked and had become sexually aroused. And also when his father died it stirred up memories of when he had hated his father and even imagined his death. He remarked, â€Å"I have found a love of the mother and a jealously of the father in my own case too, and now believe it to be a general phenomenon of early childhood, even if it does not occur so early as in children who have been made hysterics.

Do you agree with the statement that America has no culture?

Nowadays the world is a really small place compared to what it used to be before. Twenty first century brought many changes for our society and it had been marked by the rise of a global economy, the rise of the consumerism, mistrust in government, deepening concern of over terrorism and an increase in the power of private enterprise. With the fall of the Soviet Union the USA became the sole superpower, and although it is suffering from many domestic and foreign problems, it still has a huge influence on the world‘s matters .The same thing is with the culture.The term Americanisation has been used since 1907 for the American impact on other countries. I will write about negative and positive aspects of America’s culture and how it affects our world and how it was formed. One of the main things which form society is a culture. If we are talking about the USA, it is primarily Western, but influenced by the Native American, African, Asian, Polynesian and Latin American cult ures too. Despite certain consistent ideological principles (e.g. individualism, egalitarianism, and faith in freedom and democracy), American culture has a variety of expressions due to its geographical scale and demographic diversity.The United States has often been thought of as a melting pot, but now it trends towards cultural diversity, pluralism and the image of a salad bowl. Many American cultural elements, especially from popular culture, have spread across the globe through modern mass media .For example, Hollywood dominates most of the world's media markets. It is the chief medium by which people across the globe see American fashions, customs, scenery and way of life. The same is with music industry. Many U.S.-based artists, such as Elvis Presley and Michael Jackson are recognized worldwide and have sold over 500 million albums each. Moreover, America‘s corporate business is selling the ideas of freedom, choice, competition for all the world.Cocacola is the most rec ognised brand in the world and it is a symbol of Americanization and it‘s culture. Furthermore, fast food companies are also often viewed as being a symbol of U.S. marketing dominance. Companies such as Starbucks, McDonald‘s, Burger King and KFC have numerous outlets around the world. Finally, the USA had a lot of really influential poets, such as M.Twain or E.Hemingway whose works continue to be popular to this day. However, all  these things poses quite a few problems if we really want to understand if such thing as „American cultureâ€Å" exists.First of all, the global presence of America‘s influence in business, politics and economy. Multinational food corporations are „killingâ€Å" small business by having less expenses and hiring workers for a lower salary. Speaking about politics, the USA in the last 20 years has participated in more wars or conflicts more than any other nation. Secondly ,the globalisation, which America brings to our homes ,imposes some laws or certain ideas on citizens which might be harmful in the long term for nation‘s economy or it’s standings of values, and customs, which can not be changed if we want to have society with moral standarts.Finally, most of the media and production created by the USA has a really low art value or lack a deeper meaning, because the reason they are created is profit. And if you want to have a profit, you have to sell your merchandise, you don’t need anything really mind provoking. To sum up, I believe that American culture exists ,and there are many great things which were made or created in the USA, such as music or modern technology ,which we use everyday, but we shouldn‘t forget that this country also invented things like weapons of mass destruction and started many wars, because the USA is „the world‘s policeâ€Å" and they have to make sure there is peace in the world.

Graphics Design Firm Marketing Plan Essay

Executive Summary: The Metolius Agency is a Graphic design and visual communication firm based in new Concord, New Hampshire. Operating from a small office the company will be targeting a consumer base of 5-15 year old companies and provide them with unique perspectives on corporate identity and visual communication. For the first 7 months Keivs will be handling the firm’s affairs alone after which he will hire an assistant to help him in design and administration. The competitive edge Metolius has is Keivs’ knowledge of not only creative but also business skills that will make it possible for the company to attract its business-oriented clients because of a practical backing to their creative approach Overtime the company will grow due to its low overhead, creative and practical designs attracting increasing consumer attention, reaching profits in the first 9 months and generating $27,347 by the third year. Objective: With a realistic mission statement that focuses on delivering above expectation to customers and good customer relationships, the main objective of the firm is to s to position The Metolius Agency as a creative, unconventional, and innovative graphic design and visual communication firm in the Concord, NH area. In addition Metolius will set its marketing objectives to: a. Increase visibility in the market. b. Generate 30% new business through referrals each quarter, after year one. c. Strengthen brand equity through informal polling during networking activities. The financial objectives will include: a. Maintain positive, steady, growth each month. b. Reach profitability by the end of year one. c. Continue to decrease the variable costs associated with serving a project. Situation Analysis: The Metolius Agency requires a good analysis of both the = market and itself to serve its customers better. The information gathered by the company about the market shows that the potential market is divided into small and medium companies and has shown a CAGR (compounded annual growth rate) of 7.65% over 4 years (2002-2006). The graphic design industry reached $812 million in 2000 and it is predicted that for the next five years it will grow at 5.6%. The increasing desires to appear professional and use the Internet have been attributed to this growth in the industry. Also contrary to the decade old market trend of advertisement agencies offering full service with minimal or no outsourcing, the Metolius agency will concentrate only on their specific skill sets. The company plans to provide customers with a wide selection of its designs and services, better accessibility by centralizing service provision, impressive customer service and competitive pricing. The services offered will be charged by the hour and $75 will roughly be the charge/hour demanded by Metolius. Through SWOT analysis it has been established that the strengths of the company are focus, elegant office space and amalgamation of the business with the creative sense, and the main opportunities for the firm are a growing market, growth based on technological advancement and also low co-relation with downfalls in the economy. The struggle to be cutting edge, to inform the customers and remove time for marketing activities have been identified as weaknesses, and local competition (i.e. large agencies, freelancers and Kinko’s), easy to use software that allow potential clients to cater their own needs and a demographic change due to shift in local industries are the main threats to the firm. Marketing Strategy: A graphic firm relies on referrals and efficient networking and not advertising to generate sales. Based on the market research of several focus groups and a research project completed by three University of New Hampshire graduates, Metolius has devised a 3 point marketing strategy, consisting of networking, client referral, targeted customer acquisition to gain visibility and increase sales. The networking will involve using Kievs’ personal and professional contacts to arrange meetings and get customers. Client referrals will come from the customers and the chambers of commerce who will be impressed by Kievs’ work. Kiev will also be shortlisting companies and finding ways to approach their decision makers and close a deal. Also putting content of all releases on the internet and management of search engine submissions will be done by outsourcing the work to specialists at an internet and e-commerce consultancy firm, â€Å"1st-at-the-top.com†. The firm has identified its market to be the small and medium scale companies in Concord that have been operating for 5-15 years. Metolius will position itself as a focused and innovative graphic design and visual communication firm in the market by dwelling on Kiev’s diverse background of business and creativity. Marketing Mix: The Metolius Agency’s marketing mix is comprised of approaches to pricing, distribution, advertising and promotion, and customer service. * Pricing: The pricing scheme will be based on per project fee that will be calculated by the hours required for a project plus any other additional costs. * Distribution: The distribution of services will be either via the central office or via the Internet. * Advertising and Promotion: The most successful activities will be a comprehensive networking campaign, as well as a targeted customer acquisition system. * Customer Service: In order to ensure long-term profitability, all expenses will be born for customer service to achieve total customer satisfaction. Financial Projections: Metolius requires monthly revenue of $8760 to break even. It is forecasted that in 3 years time (2002, 2003, 2004) the company will grow sufficiently such that the total sales revenue will roughly double to $145,392 and the total expenses even though will rise they will get smaller in comparison to the Revenues by as much as 1.5% and become 4.35% at the end of the third year. Therefore it could be concluded that the business will always be yielding and fast growing. Review and Control: The following areas will be monitored to gauge performance: – Revenue: monthly and annual. – Expenses: monthly and annual. – Repeat business. – Customer service. This will be done by setting up a start and end date for a jobs, assigning the budget for the job and the job to a manager and department so that it can be monitored. Marketing Organization: Initially Kievs alone will head and manage the marketing function till he hires an assistant for help in the 7th month. Contingency Plan: The difficulties and risks posed to Metolius and the worst case scenarios must be addressed in the contingency plan. Problems with generating visibility, landing large projects for increase income and increasing competition are some of the difficulties the firm will face. The worst-case scenarios will be if the firm can’t achieve profits and must liquidate assets to cover liabilities.